Exam Cram: Windows 95 #70-064
List of Changes
Microsoft updated and altered the Windows 95 client certification exam in early 1998. We updated the Windows 95 book so that it reflects the change in focus of the test. For those who purchased the older version of the book (70-063), this document contains all of the significant content changes you need to be aware of. This is not an exhaustive list of all of the changes between the 70-064 and 70-063 books, sections which do not deal with technical issues relevant to the exam are not listed. If you want a fully updated book, please purchase the 70-064 book.
Nearly all of the data stored in Windows 3.x is transferable to Windows 95, but only if you upgrade using the same installation directory. This means that if Windows 3.x is installed into the C:\WINDOWS directory, you must install/upgrade Windows 95 into the same C:\WINDOWS directory to retain the existing configurations. If you install/upgrade Windows 95 into a different directory, the existing configuration (such as user preferences and program groups) will not transfer into Windows 95.
Shared Installations Of Windows 95
Windows 95 can be used in a network in which the client machines either do not have hard drives or have only limited hard drive space. In such situations, a shared network installation of Windows 95 can be used. A shared installation is one in which most of the system files for Windows 95 are stored on a network drive, and clients load Windows 95 from this network drive each time they boot. The clients either have a boot floppy or a network bootstrap routing on their small hard drives, which establishes a network connection and initiates the transfer of the necessary files from the network drive to the memory of the client. Windows 95 operates as it does normally, except instead of looking to a local drive for system components and drivers, it looks to a network drive. However, because Windows 95 is not local, it does slow the performance of the OS considerably.
The basic steps of performing a shared installation are as follows:
1. From a Windows 95 client on a Banyan Vines 5.52, Microsoft Windows NT Server, or Novell NetWare 3.x or 4.x network, launch the NetSetup tool from the ADMIN\NETTOOLS\NETSETUP directory of the Windows 95 distribution CD.
Note: The NetSetup tool is only present on the original release CD of Windows 95, it does not appear on the Windows 95 with Plus or the OSR2 release. You must download the file from the Windows 95 Web area: www.microsoft.com/windows95/.
2. Define the following: a network path in which the Windows 95 files will be stored; how installation can occur--local hard disk, shared copy, or user choice; default setup scripts; and the CD key number. Then, allow the tool to copy the distribution files.
3. Use the NetSetup tool to create machine directories on a network server to host the user and machine specific files, such as WIN.INI, SYSTEM.INI, SYSTEM.DAT, USER.DAT, user profile, and print spool.
4. Use the NetSetup tool to create a setup script to use in launching the shared installation of Windows 95.
Some additional items to remember about shared installations:
* MS-DOS mode is disabled When the system shuts down to switch into MS-DOS mode, access to the network is lost; thus, MS-DOS mode cannot be activated.
* Network adapter hot-docking is disabled Because network access is required, removal of Network Interface Cards (NICs) is not possible.
* Users cannot log off, then log on as different users A reboot must be performed with a different boot strap routing to access a different machine directory for an alternate user.
* Safe Mode startups still load all configuration files Because network access is required, these files must be loaded.
You can use the NETSETUP utility to place the Windows 95 distribution files on a network share, or you can perform this transfer manually. Simply create a network share with a share name of eight characters or less. Then, copy the entire contents of the Windows 95 distribution CD into this share. Grant read access to all users.
Setting up a dual boot with Windows NT is easiest when Windows 95 is installed before NT. The Windows NT installation routing automatically configures the system to be a dual boot system, unless you direct the installation to use the same main directory as Windows 95. Fortunately, this is not an easy mistake to make. Windows NT offers a full install or an upgrade install. The full install method uses a default install directory of \WINNT, which you’ll have to change to \WINDOWS (or \WIN95, etc.) to overwrite an existing installation of Windows 95. The upgrade install will install NT into the same main directory as Windows 95. Only the upgrade installation of Windows NT will retain Windows 95 settings. Performing a full install into the same main directory as Windows 95 only overwrites the existing files. The Windows NT boot menu displays the boot selections for NT (NT and NT VGA) plus a third for the previous OS. This is listed as MS-DOS. To change this to read Windows 95, you’ll need to edit NT’s BOOT.INI file.
However, if NT already exists on the system, the following steps must be completed:
Uninstalling Windows 95 usually refers to returning the computer to the state it was in immediately before the installation of Windows 95. If you installed Windows 95 onto a computer without an existing OS, then your only uninstall option is to FDISK the drives and install something else. Uninstalling Windows 95 requires one of two situations:
* An upgrade install was performed, and uninstall information was elected to be saved.
* A full install was performed into a directory other than that used by Windows 3.x.
To uninstall Windows 95, just run the UNINSTAL.EXE utility from the startup disk. This utility will restore the boot sector and return the system to its pre-95 state (or nearly so). Some Windows 95 files may be left on your drive, including those that the utility could not confirm were used only by Windows 95.
* Attrib.exe File attribute utility
* Chkdsk.exe Lightweight disk-scanning utility
* Command.com Command interpreter
* Debug.exe System-level debugging utility
* Drvspace.bin DriveSpace compression driver
* Ebd.sys Windows 95 startup disk flag/identifier
* Edit.com Text editor
* Fdisk.exe Disk partition utility
* Format.com Disk format utility
* Io.sys System boot file
* Msdos.sys Boot setting information
* Regedit.exe Registry editor
* Scandisk.exe Disk status and repair utility
* Scandisk.ini ScanDisk configuration file
* Sys.com System transfer utility
* Uninstal.exe Windows 95 uninstall utility
(this must be performed from DOS, not within Windows 95).
The Remote Registry Services are installed via the Network applet, and the files are located in the \Admin\Nettools\Remotereg directory on the distribution CD.
Disk Structure 101
Hopefully, you are already familiar with storage devices and the terminology used to describe their configuration and operation. But, just to be sure you’re equipped with the bare minimum of such information, a short refresher follows.
Partitions
Hard drives are divided into partitions. A partition can contain one or more file systems, each of which enables a NOS or OS to store and retrieve files. Even though Windows 95 natively supports only FAT and VFAT, partitions that support other file systems can reside on a machine that runs Windows 95 (even if Windows 95 cannot access them). For instance, it’s possible that a drive on a dual-boot machine running Windows 95 and Windows NT 4 could contain an NTFS partition. In that case, only Windows NT could access that partition; Windows 95 would not even see it.
In general, a hard drive can contain between 1 and 32 separate partitions. Thus, a single physical hard drive can appear as multiple logical drives. Hard drives should be partitioned to maximize their usage by the underlying NOS and its applications. If you attempt to change a partition, any information stored in that disk space will be destroyed. If there is free unpartitioned drive space, you may create new partitions without damaging existing partitions. Likewise, deleting any one partition does not affect other partitions on a drive.
A single drive may contain up to four primary partitions, or one to three primary partitions and a single extended partition. An extended partition can be subdivided further into multiple logical drives. The total number of primary partitions plus logical drives cannot exceed 32 on any one physical hard drive.
Partitions for Windows 95 are typically created using the DOS utility FDISK. This tool can be used to create and destroy primary and extended partitions and logical drives within the extended partition; to mark a primary partition active; and to view the current partition configuration. FDISK is able to see and delete several types of non-DOS partitions, such as HPFS and XENIX, but FDISK is unable to see and delete an NTFS extended partition or logical drive (it is able to delete NTFS primary partitions). It is recommended to use FDISK only from DOS 6.0 or greater. If you are unfamiliar with the FDISK utility and how to use it to create partitions, please read the Windows 95 Resource Kit material in Chapter 20 titled "Partitioning Drives."
Volumes
In general, a volume is an organizational structure imposed upon a partition that supports file storage. Under Windows 95, volumes cannot span multiple drives or partitions, but are isolated within a single partition. Under Windows NT, volumes can span multiple drives or partitions.
Drive Letters
Every volume on a Windows 95 machine has an associated drive letter; in fact, Windows 95 cannot access a local volume unless it has an associated drive letter. Drive letters simplify the identification of an exact physical drive, partition, and volume for any referenced folder or file. Windows 95 can assign drive letters to storage devices using the letters C through Z (A and B are reserved for floppy drives).
Master Boot Record
The Master Boot Record (MBR), a BIOS bootstrap routine, is used by low-level, hardware-based system code stored in read-only memory (ROM) to initiate the boot sequence on a PC. This, in turn, calls a bootstrap loader, which commences loading the machine’s designated operating system. The MBR directs the hardware to a so-called "active partition" where the designated operating system may be loaded. Only a primary partition can be made active.
Changes to this dialog box should be carefully considered because disabling (i.e., marking a checkbox) will degrade the file system performance of Windows 95. The settings on this dialog box are:
* Disable new file sharing and locking semantics
This setting changes how Windows 95 handles file sharing. This should be selected only when MS-DOS applications are unable to access Windows 95 shares.
* Disable long name preservation for old programs
This setting turns off protection for LFNs. This should be selected only when legacy applications without LFN support fail to operate properly.
* Disable protected-mode hard disk interrupt handling
This setting prevents Windows 95 from bypassing the drive controller by terminating interrupts. This should be selected only when legacy hardware requires the controller ROM to handle interrupts instead of the OS.
* Disable synchronous buffer commits
This setting allows Windows 95 to write buffer contents to disk and report to the applications of a completed action when the write may not be complete. This should be selected only when troubleshooting performance problems.
* Disable all 32-bit, protected-mode disk drivers
This setting turns off all 32-bit drivers so that they are not loaded and forces the OS to use 16-bit Real Mode drivers. This should be selected only if hardware devices are malfunctioning with the 32-bit drivers.
* Disable write-behind caching for all drives
This setting turns off write buffering, thus forcing all writes to occur directly to the storage device. This should be selected only when you expect a system failure that would interrupt the cache write-behind process and result in a loss of data.
It’s important to note that the type of data stored on a particular volume will affect how that data is stored and how much actual data can be stored on the given volume. The best way to explain this is to give you an example. Assume that you have a 300 MB partition on a drive used to store data files from a database application. These data files range from 1 to 4 K each. On a 300 MB partition, each cluster is 8 K. A cluster can hold data only from a single logical file. Thus, if you use only part of a cluster to store a file, the remaining space in that cluster cannot be used by another file. Thus, the 300 MB volume will be able to hold only 150 MB of data or less because the file sizes are so small. When storing lots of little files ("little" as in smaller than two clusters), you should opt to create smaller storage volumes so as to minimize the wasted space because of underused clusters. In other words, try to match the file sizes stored on a volume with multiples of the cluster size.
Note:
Some of the Microsoft documentation states that LFNs can be only 255 characters and that path names (or path and file names) can be only up to 259 characters. However, our tests with the OS show the true length to be 256 and 260.
* They can include spaces and several characters that 8.3 names cannot, such as a plus sign (+), comma (,), period (.), equal sign (=), left bracket ([), and right bracket (]).
Compression
The compression tool is called DriveSpace 3. This is the latest version of the disk compression tool obtained from the Plus! package for Windows 95. Its predecessors include DriveSpace, which shipped as part of Windows 95, and DoubleSpace from MS-DOS 6.0 and 6.2. DriveSpace 3 supports compressed drives created by its predecessors. Drives compressed with these older tools can be upgraded to the new DriveSpace 3 format to obtain improved performance and reliability.
DriveSpace gives you control over the compression level used to compact your data, which allows you to choose between optimized speed or optimized space. The higher the compression level, the greater the space, but the slower the read/write activity (and vice versa). There are two controls within DriveSpace that are fairly important. The first, which appears in the Drive menu, is Adjust Free Space. The dialog box that this command reveals gives you the ability to adjust how much free or unused space is available within the compressed drive (typically C:) and on the host drive (typically H:). The slide bar on this dialog box is used to "shift" or move free space from the compressed drive to the host drive and back. The second important control, which appears in the Advanced menu, is Change Ratio. The dialog box that this command reveals enables you to change the estimated compression ratio used to estimate the remaining free space on the compressed drive. The actual compression achieved by DriveSpace when new data is added to this drive will fall significantly below this setting because most data cannot be compressed beyond a 2:1 ratio (in fact, 1.4:1 to 1.6:1 is typical). Therefore, setting this value to 8:1 will display a larger current free space, but you will probably not be able to store eight times the data on the drive, especially if you attempt to save dense data to that drive.
On a Windows 95 dual-boot system with Windows NT, you should be careful about using DriveSpace. Windows NT does not support DriveSpace compression. This means that when you boot into Windows NT, you will not be able to access any data stored on a compressed drive created by DriveSpace. However, if Windows 95 is a client of an NT network, a compressed drive can be shared over the network and accessed by Windows NT.
Fragmentation
The Windows 95 Disk Defragmenter is used to reorganize the storage patterns of files on a hard drive to reduce data segmentation. As files are written, deleted, changed, and altered on a storage device that holds more and more data, the patterns of that storage become more and more chaotic. Fragmentation is the state of a file when it is stored on a drive in a non-contiguous space. In other words, fragmentation is when a single file is broken into parts that are scattered across the disk. The greater the fragmentation of a drive, the more likely a read or write error will occur. Plus, the overall system performance is degraded because of the read and write time involved with a multipart, fragmented file. A defragmented drive performs better because the operating system does not need to search the entire drive for each part of a file--its files are stored contiguously. Defragmentation can be executed to maximize contiguous empty space, to defragment files, or to completely optimize the drive.
The unrecoverable clusters are stored in the root directory of the drive in files named file0001, file0002, and so on. Data from these files must be extracted manually, either with a text or hex editor.
MS Backup can be used to restore files to their original locations or anywhere else within the file system. You can also compare files with their backup versions. The Backup utility is itself a Backup Wizard. By selecting the Backup, Restore, or Compare tabs from this utility, you can walk through the configuration and scheduling process step by step.
In addition to support for local and network hard drives, Backup includes support for the following types of tape devices:
* QIC 40, 80, 3010, and 3020 tape drives connected to the primary floppy disk controller, manufactured by Colorado Memory Systems, Connor, Iomega, and Wangtek (only in hardware phantom mode)
* QIC 40, 80, and 3010 tape drives, manufactured by Colorado Memory Systems, connected to the parallel port
Windows 95 Backup does not locally support:
* SCSI-based tape devices, typically DAT drives
* Devices connected to secondary floppy disk controllers
* Proprietary tape device controller cards (such as FC-10 and FC-15)
* QIC Wide, Summit, Travan, Irwin, or Mountain drives
Note: If these drives are located elsewhere on the network, they can be used as a network share
Windows 95 Microsoft Backup will attempt to locate and enable any locally attached tape devices. Because the application is compatible with only a few devices, it loads any needed drivers automatically and does not require you to pre-install the drivers for these tape devices before launching Backup.
Backup supports only two types of backups--full and incremental. A full backup makes a copy of every file on or in the selected drives and folders, plus the archive bit on each file is cleared. An incremental backup copies only those files that have changed since the last backup (full or incremental), and the archive bit on only the changed files is cleared. To restore data after a drive failure, you will need to restore from the most current full backup and every incremental backup between the full backup and the failure. Windows 95 Backup does not support differential backups. A differential backup copies all files that have changed since the last full or incremental backup, but it does not reset the archive bit.
Windows 95 also includes two network backup agents. Backup agents enable Windows 95 to be included in networkwide backups. The two agents included with Windows 95 are Cheyene’s ARCServe and Arcada’s Backup Exec (now owned by Seagate). These agents grant the network backup system access to the local Windows 95 files and Registry.
Question 11
Your Windows 95 computer hosts a data drive for your workgroup. This data drive stores individual data files which are 4, 8, 12, and 16 K in size. What size partition would offer the most efficient use of space for this drive?
a. 250 MB
b. 500 MB
c. 750 MB
d. 2000 MB
The most efficient partition for this data drive is 250 MB because this would offer 4 K clusters and all of the files stored are integral multiples of four. Therefore, answer a is correct. 500 MB uses 8 K clusters, which means both the 4 K and 12 K files would waste space. Therefore, answer b is incorrect. 750 MB uses 16 K clusters, which means the 4, 8, and 12 K files would waste space. Therefore, answer c is incorrect. 2000 MB uses 32 K clusters which means all of these files would waste space. Therefore, answer d is incorrect.
Question 12
After installing a new Adaptec SCSI controller card and a Hewlett Packard SCSI DAT tape backup drive on your Windows 95 computer, you launch Microsoft Backup. Backup claims that no tape devices are present. Why?
a. You forgot to install the SCSI controller card’s drivers.
b. You forgot to install the DAT device’s drivers.
c. You forgot to configure the tape device from Backup’s Tools menu.
d. Windows 95 Microsoft Backup does not support SCSI tape devices.
Windows 95 Microsoft Backup does not support SCSI tape devices. Therefore, answer d is correct. The drivers for the SCSI card and the DAT device are not helpful because the device type is not supported. Therefore, answers a and b are incorrect. There is not a configuration command in the Tools menu; there is only a Redetect Tape Backup command that has no options. Therefore, answer c is incorrect.
You need to install and configure the Client service for the appropriate network type (Client for Microsoft Networks or Client for NetWare Networks). The procedures for this are discussed later in this chapter. Once installed, the remaining configurations required to join a network can be set.
* Workgroup
The name of the workgroup or the domain that will participate, up to 15 characters long. If you provide the name of an existing workgroup or domain to which you are currently cabled, this computer will attempt to join the domain on the next reboot.
* Share-level access control
Access is controlled on a share-by-share basis, and each share is assigned a password through which a user can access the resource. Specific users cannot be blocked. This is the default selection, but it can only be used on systems in a peer-to-peer network or on a stand-alone machine.
A valid user account (and sometimes a computer account) is required to join a domain. Be sure to create the required accounts on the domain before attempting to join the domain using a Windows 95 computer.
* Install Client for Microsoft Networks
This service is installed from the Network applet. Click Add, select Client, and then click Add again. Select Microsoft in the Manufacturers list and Client for Microsoft Network in the Network Clients list. Once the service is installed, select it in the installed component list of the Network applet and click Properties (Figure 9.15). If the network is a domain, select the Log on to a Windows NT domain checkbox, provide the domain name, and then set the logon options (Quick logon or Logon and restore connections).
User Profiles, System Policies, And NetWare
Windows 95 user profiles can be stored on NetWare servers to enable either mandatory profiles or individual roaming profiles. When a user account is created on a NetWare server, a subdirectory for that user is created below the MAIL directory. Placing the user profile in this directory will enable NetWare Windows 95 client roaming profiles and mandatory profiles (see Chapter 13).
If you are using system policies (see Chapter 13) to enforce or restrict group-, user-, or computer-based access, you can store the CONFIG.POL file in the SYS:PUBLIC directory on each preferred NetWare server. Windows 95 will automatically search and download system policies stored in this manner.
The Novell and Microsoft clients for NetWare are incompatible; you cannot install both on the same computer at the same time. Novell has an uninstall utility, which you can download from www.novell.com, called UNC32.EXE. Novell claims that this tool will completely uninstall Novell's Client 32; however, in our experience, a reinstallation of Windows 95 has been required. Your mileage may vary.
NetWare logon scripts can be used with a Windows 95 client, but they must be edited to remove all commands loading TSRs (Terminate and Stay Residents). If these TSRs are required, they must be loaded via the AUTOEXEC.BAT or WINSTART.BAT files on the Windows 95 client. Because the Client for NetWare Networks gives Windows 95 the ability to use many NetWare utilities and command line tools, most standard NetWare logon scripts will function as is. Remember that there are two NetWare logon scripts. One is NET$LOG.DAT, the system logon script, which is stored in the PUBLIC NetWare server directory. The second is LOGON, which is stored in the user’s MAIL subdirectory.
These settings are chosen on the Sharing tab of an object’s Properties (see Network Folders, Figure 9.12, and Network Printers, Figure 9.14, earlier in this chapter).
User-level security assumes that the domain controller or security server on the network will provide you with a list of users and a list of groups. Windows 95 does not have a native user and group administration tool, so these elements cannot be created on a Windows 95 client. The User Manager for Domains administration tool for Windows NT Server 4.0 can be installed onto Windows 95 (from the NT Server distribution CD, \Clients\Srvtools\Win95), but this only provides remote administrative control to the NT domain controller. It does not create users or groups within Windows 95.
Share-Level Security
Share-level security doesn’t require access to a domain controller or security server; therefore, it can be used on peer-to-peer networks or stand-alone machines. This type of security simply assigns a password to a resource. Users enter the password each time they attempt to access that resource. The password is defined on the Sharing tab of an object’s Properties (see Network Folders, Figure 9.11, and Network Printers, Figure 9.13, earlier in this chapter).
Remote Administration
Remote Administration, in the form of editing a Windows 95 Registry remotely, can be performed by system administrators using the System Policy Editor, Registry Editor, or other management tools. When a system administrator remotely manages a computer, the data seen on the remote computer screen is the same as if it is being performed directly on the client computer. To enable remote administration, you must perform three steps on each remote Windows 95 client:
1. Install the Remote Registry service via the Network applet. Click Add, select Service, click Add again, click Have Disk, and point the install wizard to \Admin\Nettools\Remotreg on the Windows 95 CD. Reboot when finished.
2. Launch the Passwords applet of the Control Panel, select the Remote Administration tab, then select Enable Remote Administration of this server (see Figure 9.20).
3. Also on the Remote Administration tab of the Passwords applet, define a password or assign users/groups to access remote administration, depending on your system’s security type. Once again, it’s a good idea to reboot.
To administer remotely, you must be on a Windows 95 computer connected to the same network. Locate the client to be administered in Network Neighborhood. Right-click over the computer name and select Properties. Select the Tools tab on the Properties dialog box. On this tab, three applications are available to manage the remote client:
* Net Watcher
Enables you to manage shared resources (including remote creation of new shares) and the users accessing those resources. Two special shares are created by NetWatcher: ADMIN$, mapped to the Windows directory, and IPC$, an interprocess communication channel (for details, see Chapter 18).
* System Monitor
Enables you to monitor network and disk use and performance on the remote client. This requires the Network Monitor Agent service on the client. Some of the items viewable through this tool are memory allocation and swap file usage (for details, see Chapter 18).
* File System Administer
Enables the management of resources on the remote client. This requires the Remote Registry service on the client. This is not a separate utility or tool; rather, it is an extension of the Network Neighborhood that enables the manipulation of shared resources.
To edit the Registry of a remote client with the REGEDIT tool, select Registry|Connect Network Registry and enter the computer name of the remote client (see Chapter 6 about the Registry).
Note:
The System Monitor requires the Remote Registry service, which in turn requires user-level security. If you do not need to use the System Monitor, you can forgo the installation of the Remote Registry service and stick with share-level security. This will still give you access to Net Watcher and the File System Administer.
Internet Explorer
Internet Explorer is the Web browser built for the Microsoft Windows platforms: Windows 3.x, Windows 95, and Windows NT (there is also a Macintosh version). This tool gives you the ability to access Web and FTP resources hosted within a TCP/IP intranet or on the Internet.. More information about Internet Explorer can be found at www.microsoft.com/ie/.
Peer Web Services
Peer Web Services is a scaled-down version of Internet Information Server for Windows NT. This application allows you to host Web and FTP sites from your Windows 95 computer. However, it is limited to ten simultaneous connections. For details about IIS and PWS, please visit www.microsoft.com/iis/.
If your modem is an ISDN interface, you can install it in almost the same manner as any analog modem. The only exception is that to install an internal ISDN adapter, you need to install the DUN upgrade 1.2 (covered later in this chapter). In Windows 95, an ISDN adapter and a modem function almost the same. The ISDN adapter just gives you significantly more throughput.
DUN is used to either connect your client computer to the Internet by connecting to an ISP or to connect to an NT network by connecting to a RAS server (either hosted on a Windows NT Server, Windows NT Workstation, or Windows 95 computer).
PPTP And VPN
Since the original release of Windows 95, Microsoft has developed an improvement to the built-in Dial-Up Networking system. DUN Upgrade 1.2 is a downloadable upgrade package that improves and expands the remote access capabilities of Windows 95. ISDN and PPTP/VPN support are significant additions to Windows 95. DUN 1.2's ISDN support provides the ability to use internal ISDN adapter cards and multilink to aggregate both B channels for 128 Kbps throughput.
The addition of PPTP (Point to Point Tunneling Protocol) to Windows 95 has brought the ability to participate in Virtual Private Networks (VPN). PPTP, a communications protocol based on PPP, establishes a secure communication channel between a client and a network (or a single server) over an existing Internet connection. This allows long-distance connections to be cost effective because inexpensive local connections to the Internet are used instead of long-distance, phone-line connections. Thus, the Internet acts as the long-distance carrier. PPTP connections, including the authentication process and all data transferred over the connection, are fully encrypted. As an extension of RAS and DUN, PPTP allows true network connectivity with reliable security. Thus, a PPTP DUN client is the same as a locally attached network client; only its communication speed is different.
To configure a Windows 95 client as a VPN client using PPTP to connect to a network (or to a stand-alone server) over the Internet, you must have the following prerequisites:
* Windows 95 installed
* Any protocols to be used over the VPN installed and configured
* A modem, ISDN adapter, or other communication device installed
* A DUN phonebook entry to connect Windows 95 to the Internet using PPP
* DUN Upgrade 1.2 installed
A PPTP connection actually requires two DUN phonebook entries. One connects the client to the Internet; the second creates the PPTP tunnel over the PPP Internet connection between the client and the network (or the stand-alone server).
To create a PPTP DUN entry, follow these steps:
1. Open Dial-Up Networking (Start|Programs|Accessories|Dial-Up Networking).
2. Launch the Make New Connection wizard (MNCW) by double-clicking on the Make New Connection icon in the Dial-Up Networking window.
3. On the first page of the MNCW, define a name for this connection and select Microsoft VPN adapter as the device. Click Next.
4. On the next page of the MNCW, provide the host name of the IP address of the VPN RAS server that is connected to the Internet and awaiting the PPTP connection. Click Next.
5. Click Finish.
If you need to edit or change any part of the VPN entry, select it in the Dial-Up Networking window, then use the File|Properties command from the menubar. This opens the configuration dialog box for a VPN entry. The General tab of this dialog box offers only the items for changing the host name/IP address of the RAS server to which you are connecting and the device used to make this connection. The Server Types tab allows you to select whether to log on to the network, use software compression, and encrypt passwords. Plus, you can select which protocol(s) (NetBEUI, IPX/SPX, and/or TCP/IP) to use over this connection.
Once your VPN entry is created, connecting to a network using PPTP is achieved as follows:
1. Establish your ISP connection by launching the DUN entry.
2. Launch the VPN entry to create the PPTP tunnel between your client and the remote network.
Once a PPTP connection is made, you will no longer have access to the Internet. VPN takes over full control of the connection so it can maintain a reliable and secure connection to the remote network. Internet access can be regained if the network you are connecting to provides Internet access itself or by using another communication device on your client to establish a separate link to an ISP.
Question 13
A travelling salesman has an AT&T World Net account that allows him to connect to the Internet from all of the cities he frequents. This is convenient because it allows him to remain in contact by email. The home office has a network that stores all of the product inventory and cost statistics. The salesman currently connects with the network via a long-distance telephone call to retrieve the product details on a daily basis. What can be done with this Windows 95 notebook computer to reduce the cost and headache of communicating with the network?
a. Have a secretary email the product detail files each day.
b. Fax the product info to the salesman’s hotel.
c. Use PPTP to create a VPN connection over the Internet.
d. This is already the best solution.
The use of PPTP to create a VPN connection is the best way to simplify and decrease costs for the long-distance communication with the home network. Therefore, answer c is correct. Having the files emailed is inefficient and requires someone to perform this task, which is not a cost- or time-effective solution. Therefore, answer a is incorrect. Faxing the information is not only a waste of time, it costs money for long distance and does not get the data to the salesman in a useful form. Therefore, answer b is incorrect. The current method is not the best solution for this situation; PPTP can be used. Therefore, answer d is incorrect.
Windows 95 supports network attached printers via the Data Link Control (DLC) protocol. DLC was originally designed as a protocol for communicating with host mainframes (such as the IBM AS/4000). However, it can also be used to enable communications between a print server and a printer attached directly to the network. DLC is installed via the Network applet in the same fashion as any other protocol.
The Windows 95 distribution CD contains the drivers and applications for two network attached printer types, namely HP JetDirect interfaces…
1. Enable user profiles on the Windows 95 clients.
2. Make sure Microsoft Client for Microsoft Networks is installed on Windows 95 and set as the Primary Network Logon.
Question 4
Your Windows 95 computer hosts a data drive for your workgroup. This data drive stores individual data files,which are 4, 8, 12, and 16 K in size. What size partition would offer the most efficient use of space for this drive?
a. 250 MB
b. 500 MB
c. 750 MB
d. 2,000 MB
The most efficient partition for this data drive is 250 MB because this would offer 4 K clusters and all of the files stored are integral multiples of four. Therefore, answer a is correct. 500 MB uses 8 K clusters, which means both the 4 K and 12 K files would waste space. Therefore, answer b is incorrect. 750 MB uses 16 K clusters, which means the 4, 8, and 12 K files would waste space. Therefore, answer c is incorrect. 2000 MB uses 32 K clusters which means all of these files would waste space. Therefore, answer d is incorrect.
Question 16
After installing a new Adaptec SCSI controller card and a Hewlett-Packard SCSI DAT tape backup drive on your Windows 95 computer, you launch Microsoft Backup. Backup claims that no tape devices are present. Why?
a. You forgot to install the SCSI controller card’s drivers.
b. You forgot to install the DAT device’s drivers.
c. You forgot to configure the tape device from Backup’s Tools menu.
d. Windows 95 Microsoft Backup does not support SCSI tape devices.
Windows 95 Microsoft Backup does not support SCSI tape devices. Therefore, answer d is correct. The drivers for the SCSI card and the DAT device are not helpful because the device type is not supported. Therefore, answers a and b are incorrect. There is not a configuration command in the Tools menu; there is only a Redetect Tape Backup command that has no options. Therefore, answer c is incorrect.
Question 19
A travelling salesman has an AT&T World Net account that allows him to connect to the Internet from all of the cities he frequents using a Windows 95 notebook computer. This is convenient because it allows him to remain in contact by email. The home office has a network that stores all of the product inventory and cost statistics. The salesman currently connects with the network via a long-distance telephone call to retrieve the product details on a daily basis. What can be done with this notebook computer to reduce the cost and headache of communicating with the network?
a. Have a secretary email the product detail files each day.
b. Fax the product info to the salesman’s hotel.
c. Use PPTP to create a VPN connection over the Internet.
d. This is already the best solution.
The use of PPTP to create a VPN connection is the best way to simplify and decrease costs for the long-distance communication with the home network. Therefore, answer c is correct. Having the files emailed is inefficient and requires someone to perform this task, which is not a cost- or time-effective solution. Therefore, answer a is incorrect. Faxing the information is not only a waste of time, it costs money for long distance and does not get the data to the salesman in a useful form. Therefore, answer b is incorrect. The current method is not the best solution for this situation; PPTP can be used. Therefore, answer d is incorrect.